History
Core Lithium turned a small copper-and-silver explorer into a Northern Territory lithium miner, then survived a price collapse and shutdown to restart Finniss in 2026.
2010-2015: Copper, uranium and silver
Core Exploration listed on the ASX on 10 February 2011 under the code CXO, after a prospectus offering up to 25 million shares at $0.20 to raise up to $5 million. The money was meant for copper, gold and uranium exploration on licences in South Australia and the Northern Territory, many acquired from Sturt and DBL.
The early years brought plenty of drilling and little payoff. Yorke Peninsula drilling, next to Rex Minerals' Hillside, found only low-level copper. Uranium at Fitton looked more promising, and Core built a 400km2 holding south of Olympic Dam and an Albarta project of about 2,000km2 in the Northern Territory. The company funded itself in small amounts: $500,000 at $0.08 in December 2012, a rights issue at 3 cents in 2013, and placements at 5c and 5.5c in 2014. Maiden drilling at Blueys and Inkheart hit high-grade silver-lead in 2014, but copper drilling at Virginia and Copper Royals in early 2015 found no significant zones. A raising at 2.5c followed in mid-2015, and a Chinese partner's farm-in on Blueys was agreed in December 2015.
2016-2018: The Finniss discovery
In February 2016 Core refocused on lithium after a review found pegmatite potential in the Northern Territory. It applied for ground at Finniss, south of Darwin, and raised about $950,000 and then $2.2M. The Blueys partner withdrew in May.
First drilling in September 2016 at BP33 returned 34m at 1.60% Li2O, and Grants gave 49m at 1.78%. Core called Finniss a major discovery. It raised about $6 million at 9 cents in October. Through 2017 it booked a maiden Grants resource, hired a project development manager to move from explorer to developer, and signed an offtake with Yahua, which also invested. It bought Liontown's adjacent Bynoe project for $1.5M cash and 39,232,025 shares. Resources grew steadily, reaching 7.1Mt by December 2018. A Grants pre-feasibility study showed a pre-tax NPV10 of A$140M. Placements at 5.3c and 5c funded the work.
2019-2021: Approvals, studies and funding
Grants received the Northern Territory's first lithium mining lease in January 2019. The feasibility study in April put capex at A$73M. A 2.5% royalty sold to Lithium Royalty Corp brought A$8.125M, and a share purchase plan raised $3.3M, lifting shares on issue to 778.2M. Approvals took longer than hoped, and the Mine Management Plan was approved in April 2020. Resources reached about 15Mt, and the reserve rose to 5.7Mt.
Core pushed its final investment decision (FID) back to 2021 to await a better lithium price. In 2021 it raised $40M at $0.25, then about A$116M more at $0.31 and a A$34M investment from Ganfeng, which also signed a four-year offtake. The board approved FID on 30 September 2021.
2022-2023: Mine opened, then trouble
Construction began in October 2021. Founding managing director Stephen Biggins resigned, and Gareth Manderson became CEO in August 2022. Core raised A$100M at A$1.03 in September 2022. The first DSO cargo, 15,000 dmt at US$951/dmt, sailed in January 2023, and first concentrate followed in February. A binding Tesla deal never materialised. Wet pits delayed output, and in July 2023 guidance showed results worse than the 2021 study. Core raised A$100M at A$0.40, issuing 250 million shares, plus about A$11.4M from a share purchase plan. FY23 brought a first profit of A$10.8M.
2024-2025: Shutdown and reset
Concentrate prices fell over 80% in 2023. A strategic review in December led to the suspension of mining and BP33 early works. A half-year loss of A$167.6M included a A$119.6M impairment. Manderson stepped down, and Paul Brown became CEO in June 2024. Processing stopped in June 2024, leaving Finniss in care and maintenance with A$87.6M cash. Core's all-scrip offer for Charger Metals was rejected, and it bought a 9.8% stake in Charger instead.
The May 2025 restart study outlined a 20-year underground operation with capex of A$175-200M. Core ended its Yahua and Ganfeng offtakes for US$2M each, leaving output unencumbered. It raised A$50M at A$0.105 in August 2025, and sold its uranium projects to Elevate for A$5M.
2026: The restart
The board approved FID on 18 March 2026, backed by a US$70M convertible note, a US$50M Nebari loan and a A$120M equity raise at A$0.21 issuing about 571M shares. Develop Global won a ~A$274M underground contract at BP33 and NRW a ~A$50M Grants pit contract. Grants mining restarted on 20 May, and first concentrate came on about 8 September. Fines stockpiles sold to Glencore brought about A$38.5M. Core spun out its gold tenements into Axiant, listed 2 September, keeping about 33%.
As of 19 October 2026, Core had A$200M cash at 30 September and said it was funded to steady state in 2028. First shipment of new concentrate was targeted for the December quarter. Blackbeard drilling hit 92m at 1.25% Li2O, supporting an Exploration Target, with no resource yet.
Written from the 258 story beats below (2010 to 19 Oct 2026), which come from the company's own announcements and filings.